: "testa") which in Naples indicates a large terracotta jar used to cultivate shrubs and little trees. Directly across from San Carlo is Galleria Umberto, a shopping centre and social hub. [90][91] The climate and fertility of the Gulf of Naples made the region famous during Roman times, when emperors such as Claudius and Tiberius holidayed near the city. Later Neapolitan was replaced by Spanish during Spanish domination, and then by Italian. In 1480 the writer and poet Jacopo Sannazzaro wrote the first pastoral romance, Arcadia, which influenced Italian literature. In the first years of the 20th century, a local version of the Art Nouveau phenomenon, known as "Liberty Napoletano", developed in the city, creating many buildings which still stand today. 25. In addition to commercial activities, it is home to the Allied Joint Force Command Naples, the NATO body that oversees North Africa, the Sahel and Middle East.[16]. Previously a Bourbon palace, now a museum and art gallery, the Museo di Capodimonte is another museum of note. [158] Another form of opera originating in Naples is opera buffa, a style of comic opera strongly linked to Battista Pergolesi and Piccinni; later contributors to the genre included Rossini and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. A wide range of culturally and historically significant sites are nearby, including the Palace of Caserta and the Roman ruins of Pompeii and Herculaneum. [53] A counter-revolutionary religious army of lazzaroni known as the sanfedisti under Cardinal Fabrizio Ruffo was raised; they met with great success, and the French were forced to surrender the Neapolitan castles, with their fleet sailing back to Toulon. English 6 … [123] The A16 is nicknamed the autostrada dei Due Mari ("Motorway of the Two Seas") because it connects the Tyrrhenian Sea to the Adriatic Sea.[124]. In 1976, there were an estimated 7,047,399 native speakers of this group of dialects.[155]. [121] The service sector employs the majority of Neapolitans, although more than half of these are small enterprises with fewer than 20 workers; 70 companies are said to be medium-sized with more than 200 workers; and 15 have more than 500 workers. Conflict between the Hohenstaufens and the Papacy led in 1266 to Pope Innocent IV crowning the Angevin duke Charles I King of Sicily:[37] Charles officially moved the capital from Palermo to Naples, where he resided at the Castel Nuovo. [31][32], The duchy was under the direct control of the Lombards for a brief period, after the capture by Pandulf IV of the Principality of Capua, a long-term rival of Naples; however, this regime lasted only three years before the Greco-Roman-influenced dukes were reinstated. [59][60], Naples was the most-bombed Italian city during World War II. [142] Other dishes popular in Naples include Parmigiana di melanzane, spaghetti alle vongole and casatiello. In Roman times the islet became part of Lucullus's villa and later it was the site to which the last western Roman emperor, Romulus Augustulus, was exiled. San Lorenzo In 1935, the Rationalist architect Luigi Cosenza created a new fish market for the city. Following the decline of the Western Roman Empire, Naples was captured by the Ostrogoths, a Germanic people, and incorporated into the Ostrogothic Kingdom. [64] Due to this event, environmental contamination and increased health risks are also prevalent. [127] Since 2007 trains running at almost 300 km/h (186 mph) have connected Naples with Rome with a journey time of under an hour,[128] and direct high speed services also operate to Florence, Milan and Turin. Nearby is the Teatro di San Carlo, which is the oldest opera house in Italy. Many writers and playwrights such as Raffaele Viviani wrote comedies and dramas for this genre. [27] Naples was expected to keep in contact with the Exarchate of Ravenna, which was the centre of Byzantine power on the Italian Peninsula. For other uses, see, Top: Panorama view of Mergellina Port, Mergellina, Chiaia area, over view of, Parks, gardens, villas, fountains and stairways. [67] By August 2011, the number of unemployed in the Naples area had risen to 250,000, sparking public protests against the economic situation. However, during the 850s, Muhammad I Abu 'l-Abbas led the Arab-Muslim conquest of the city, and managed to sack it and take huge amount of its wealth. Pianura The team has also won the UEFA Cup,[177] and once named FIFA Player of the Century Diego Maradona among its players. [163] Giuliani, who was actually from Apulia but lived and worked in Naples, is widely considered to be one of the greatest guitar players and composers of the 19th century, along with his Catalan contemporary Fernando Sor. [110][111] The San Pietro a Maiella music conservatory is the city's foremost institution of musical education; the earliest Neapolitan music conservatories were founded in the 16th century under the Spanish. Winters are mild with snow very rarely falling in the city itself but often settling on the peak of Vesuvius. Arenella [178], Neapolitan tailoring was born as an attempt to loosen up the stiffness of English tailoring, which didn't suit the Neapolitan lifestyle.[179]. Miano Each of the 8,101 comune in Italy is today represented locally by a city council headed by an elected mayor, known as a sindaco and informally called the first citizen (primo cittadino). 6. Underneath Naples lies a series of caves and structures created by centuries of mining, and the city rests atop a major geothermal zone. The University of Naples, the first university in Europe dedicated to training secular administrators,[36] was founded by Frederick II, making Naples the intellectual centre of the kingdom. [76] It had also been the prison for Empress Constance between 1191 and 1192 after her being captured by Sicilians, and Conradin and Giovanna I of Naples before their executions. The piazza is bounded on the east by the Royal Palace and on the west by the church of San Francesco di Paola, with the colonnades extending on both sides. Actors and comedians like Eduardo Scarpetta and then his sons Eduardo De Filippo, Peppino De Filippo and Titina De Filippo, contributed towards making the neapolitan theatre and its comedies and tragedy plays well known, such as "Filumena Marturano" and "Napoli Milionaria". The city has experienced significant economic growth since World War II, but joblessness remains a major problem,[117][118][119] and the city is characterised by high levels of political corruption and organised crime. [159] The Teatro di San Carlo, built in 1737, is the oldest working theatre in Europe, and remains the operatic centre of Naples. [30] By the 11th century, Naples had begun to employ Norman mercenaries to battle their rivals; Duke Sergius IV hired Rainulf Drengot to wage war on Capua for him. The latter originally had only a memorial to religious martyrs, but in 1866, after the Italian unification, four lions were added, representing the four rebellions against the Bourbons. The first written testimonies of the Italian language are the Placiti Cassinensi legal documents, dated 960 A.D., preserved in the Monte Cassino Abbey, which are in fact evidence of a language spoken in a southern dialect. "Inigo Jones in Naples" in, This page was last edited on 28 December 2020, at 00:32. Secondigliano [10] It was also an important centre of humanism and Enlightenment. The music Opera genre of opera buffa was created in Naples in the 18th century and then spread to Rome and to northern Italy. [123] The A16 is nicknamed the autostrada dei Due Mari ("Motorway of the Two Seas") because it connects the Tyrrhenian Sea to the Adriatic Sea.[124]. San Giuseppe [30] Naples allied with the Muslim Saracens in 836, and asked for their support to repel the siege of Lombard troops coming from the neighbouring Duchy of Benevento. [37] Despite the split, Naples grew in importance, attracting Pisan and Genoese merchants,[41] Tuscan bankers, and some of the most prominent Renaissance artists of the time, such as Boccaccio, Petrarch and Giotto. The Neapolitan popular genre of "Sceneggiata" is an important genre of modern folk theatre worldwide, dramatising common canon themes of thwarted love stories, comedies, tearjerker stories, commonly about honest people becoming camorra outlaws due to unfortunate events. "The Italian Cities and the Arabs before 1095" in. 'O funnatore d''a dinastia fuje Carlo 'e Burbone, rre 'e Napule d''o 1734 ô 1759, figlio 'e Filippo V 'e Spagna (rre 'e Napule e 'e Sicilia d''o 1700 ô 1713, outre ca rre 'e Spagna d''o 1700 ô 1746, e funnatore a vota suja d''a dinastia d''e Burbone 'e Spagna) e d''a taliana Elisavetta Farnese.Carlo avette otto fije. This system, or one very similar to it, has been in place since the invasion of Italy by Napoleonic forces in 1808. "The Italian Cities and the Arabs before 1095" in. The city is situated on the Gulf of Naples, on the western coast of southern Italy; it rises from sea level to an elevation of 450 metres (1,480 ft). [13] Between 1925 and 1936, Naples was expanded and upgraded by Benito Mussolini's government. Occupying a 19th-century palazzo renovated by the Portuguese architect Álvaro Siza, the Museo d'Arte Contemporanea Donnaregina (MADRE) features an enfilade procession of permanent installations by artists such as Francesco Clemente, Richard Serra, and Rebecca Horn. Naples was greatly respected by the Romans as a paragon of Hellenistic culture. Naples gained complete independence by the early ninth century. The Bosco di Capodimonte, the city's largest verdant space served as a royal hunting preserve, within the Park there are a further 16 historic buildings including residences, lodges, churches as well as fountains, statues, orchards and woods.[87]. De Nicola later helped to draft the modern Constitution of the Italian Republic, and was eventually elected to the office of President of the Italian Republic. During the late Baroque period, Alessandro Scarlatti, the father of Domenico Scarlatti, established the Neapolitan school of opera; this was in the form of opera seria, which was a new development for its time. Palazzo Como, which dates from the 15th century, hosts the Museo Filangieri of plastic arts, created in 1883 by Gaetano Filangieri. [127] Since 2007 trains running at almost 300 km/h (186 mph) have connected Naples with Rome with a journey time of under an hour,[128] and direct high speed services also operate to Florence, Milan and Turin. [30] Naples allied with the Muslim Saracens in 836, and asked for their support to repel the siege of Lombard troops coming from the neighbouring Duchy of Benevento. Miano [142] Other dishes popular in Naples include Parmigiana di melanzane, spaghetti alle vongole and casatiello. Naples is also known for its theatres, which are among the oldest in Europe – the Teatro di San Carlo opera house dates back to the 18th century. [47][better source needed] In 1544, around 7,000 people were taken as slaves by Barbary pirates and brought to the Barbary Coast of North Africa. [121], In 2003, employment in the province of Naples was distributed as follows:[121], Naples is served by several major motorways (it: autostrade). In 1743, Charles of Bourbon founded the Royal Factory of Capodimonte, many of whose artworks are now on display in the Museum of Capodimonte. Partenope Rugby are the city's best-known rugby union side: the team has won the rugby union Serie A twice. [77], Castel Capuano was built in the 12th century by William I, the son of Roger II of Sicily, the first monarch of the Kingdom of Naples. [15] The Port of Naples is one of the most important in Europe. In 1442, Alfonso I conquered Naples after his victory against the last Angevin king, René, and Naples was unified with Sicily again for a brief period. Discours et pratiques alimentaires en Méditerranée (vol. Naples was one of the centres of the peninsula from which originated the modern theatre genre as nowadays intended, evolving from 16th century "comedy of art". The masked character of Pulcinella is worldwide famous figure either as theatrical character or puppetry character. [13] Between 1925 and 1936, Naples was expanded and upgraded by Benito Mussolini's government. Naples is one of the most ancient cities in Europe, whose contemporary urban fabric preserves the elements of its long and eventful history. 25. [29], The years between 818 and 832 were tumultuous in regard to Naples' relations with the Byzantine Emperor, with numerous local pretenders feuding for possession of the ducal throne. [65] In 2007, Silvio Berlusconi's government held senior meetings in Naples to demonstrate their intention to solve these problems. ", "Il Comune - Area statistica - struttura della popolazione e territorio - città - condizione professionale", "Tasso di disoccupazione : Tasso di disoccupazione - livello provinciale", "Euromonitor Internationals Top City Destinations Ranking Euromonitor archive", "Rapporto sullo stato dell'economia della Provincia di Napoli", "The Naples Train Station-Napoli Centrale", "Istituzione di un senso unico pedonale zona Decumani nel periodo natalizio" (in Italian), "Statistics of cruise passenger arrivals", "Naples Public Transportation Statistics", Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, "The Foods of Sicily – A Culinary Journey", "Proposal of recognition of the Specialita' Traditionale Garantita 'Pizza Napoletana'", "Struffoli – Neapolitan Christmas Treats", La diète méditerranéenne. The city furthermore operates the Metropolitana di Napoli, the Naples Metro, an underground rapid transit railway system which integrates both surface railway lines and the city's metro stations, many of which are noted for their decorative architecture and public art. The history of the Neapolitan language was deeply entwined with that of the Tuscan dialect which then became the current Italian language. Brought to the city by the British during the early 20th century,[176] the sport is deeply embedded in local culture: it is popular at every level of society, from the scugnizzi (street children) to wealthy professionals. The last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, Romulus Augustulus, was exiled to Naples by the Germanic king Odoacer in the 5th century AD. On 14 October 2008, a regional law was enacted by Campania which has the effect that the use of the Neapolitan language is protected. [77], Castel Capuano was built in the 12th century by William I, the son of Roger II of Sicily, the first monarch of the Kingdom of Naples. [76] It had also been the prison for Empress Constance between 1191 and 1192 after her being captured by Sicilians, and Conradin and Giovanna I of Naples before their executions. Naples is the third-largest urban economy in Italy, after Milan and Rome. Mina) Testo Della Canzone Napule è di Pino […] The city's main railway station is Napoli Centrale, which is located in Piazza Garibaldi; other significant stations include the Napoli Campi Flegrei[125] and Napoli Mergellina. [72] In 2013, it was the host of the Universal Forum of Cultures and the host for the 2019 Summer Universiade. [29], After the exarchate fell, a Duchy of Naples was created. [55], After the Expedition of the Thousand led by Giuseppe Garibaldi, which culminated in the controversial Siege of Gaeta, Naples became part of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861 as part of the Italian unification, ending the era of Bourbon rule. [11][12] The city has long been a global point of reference for classical music and opera through the Neapolitan School. It is the largest airport in southern Italy, with around 250 national and international flights arriving or departing daily. Soccavo "testo" (neap. During the later years of World War II, it sustained severe damage from Allied bombing as they invaded the peninsula. In 1442, Alfonso I conquered Naples after his victory against the last Angevin king, René, and Naples was unified with Sicily again for a brief period. On 14 October 2008, a regional law was enacted by Campania which has the effect that the use of the Neapolitan language is protected. In the 16th century it became the Hall of justice. [46], Following the Spanish victory, Naples became part of the Spanish Empire, and remained so throughout the Spanish Habsburg period. He was consequently named World Player of the Year. The Bosco di Capodimonte, the city's largest verdant space served as a royal hunting preserve, within the Park there are a further 16 historic buildings including residences, lodges, churches as well as fountains, statues, orchards and woods.[87]. Since World War II, the political landscape of Naples has been neither strongly right-wing nor left-wing – both Christian democrats and democratic socialists have governed the city at different times, with roughly equal frequency. In addition to serving as the backdrop for several movies and shows, many talented celebrities (actors, actresses, directors, and producers) are originally from the city of Naples. 14. Naples is well known for its sweet dishes, including colourful gelato, which is similar to ice cream, though more fruit-based. Naples hosts what is thought to be the oldest state university in the world, in the form of the University of Naples Federico II, which was founded by Frederick II in 1224. [115][116] Naples is a major cargo terminal, and the port of Naples is one of the Mediterranean's largest and busiest. In 1458 the Accademia Pontaniana, one of the first academies in Italy, was established in Naples as a free initiative by men of letters, science and literature. [61] Departing Germans burned the library of the university, as well as the Italian Royal Society. Philosopher Giordano Bruno, who theorised the existence of infinite solar systems and the infinity of the entire universe, completed his studies at University of Naples. Though a notable landmark, it is no longer a functioning hospital.[85]. The piazza is bounded on the east by the Royal Palace and on the west by the church of San Francesco di Paola, with the colonnades extending on both sides. Napule è - Raccolta completa è una raccolta del cantautore italiano Pino Daniele, pubblicata nel 2000 dalla CGD East West. [99][105], Naples is noted for its numerous higher education institutes and research centres. Chist'articulo è sulo na bozza ().Si ce puó ddà na mano, p’’o fà addeventà nu poco meglio, spriemme ccà.Pe' ssapé comm’’e 'a fà, guarda ncopp’’e ccunvenziune 'e Wikipedia. Mercato Ruggiero Gennaro, I castelli di Napoli, Napoli, Newton & Compton, 1995, second-most populous metropolitan area in Italy, 7th-most populous urban area in the European Union, Istituto Universitario Suor Orsola Benincasa, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Ninì Tirabusciò: la donna che inventò la mossa, Learn how and when to remove these template messages, List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy, "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011", "Principali statistiche geografiche sui comuni", "Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018", "Napoli, l'inaugurazione dell'Hub di Direzione Strategica della Nato", "Guida Michelin, trionfa Napoli: è la città più stellata d'Italia", "Neapolis Station – Archaeological Yards", "Touring Club of Italy, Naples: The City and Its Famous Bay, Capri, Sorrento, Ischia, and the Amalfi, Milano", "Aragonese Overseas Expansion, 1282–1479", "Ferrante of Naples: the statecraft of a Renaissance prince", "Charles of Bourbon – the restorer of the Kingdom of Naples", "La dolce vita? Infrastrutture e trasporti Ferrovie. [168] The genre became a formal institution in 1835, after the introduction of the annual Festival of Piedigrotta songwriting competition. [83] Below is a selective list of Naples' major churches, chapels, and monastery complexes: Aside from the Piazza del Plebiscito, Naples has two other major public squares: the Piazza Dante and the Piazza dei Martiri. harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMagnussonGoring1990 (, Hilmar C. Krueger. Various buildings inspired by the Gothic Revival are extant in Naples, due to the influence that this movement had on the Scottish-Indian architect Lamont Young, one of the most active Neapolitan architects of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The last ruling duke of the duchy, Sergius VII, was forced to surrender to Roger II, who had proclaimed himself King of Sicily seven years earlier. It was expanded by Frederick II and became one of his royal palaces. Although Naples' Greco-Roman culture endured, it eventually switched allegiance from Constantinople to Rome under Duke Stephen II, putting it under papal suzerainty by 763. The economy of the area formerly known as the Two Sicilies declined, leading to an unprecedented wave of emigration,[56] with an estimated 4 million people emigrating from the Naples area between 1876 and 1913. As response to these problems the government prompted since 1852 a radically transformation of the city called risanamento with the objective of improving the sewerage infrastructure and replacing the most clustered areas with large and airy avenues as this was considered the main cause of insalubrity. Underneath Naples lies a series of caves and structures created by centuries of mining, and the city rests atop a major geothermal zone. "testo" (neap. 24. De Sanctis was one of the first literary critics to discover, study and diffusing the poems and literary works of the great poet from Recanati. Following the decline of the Western Roman Empire, Naples was captured by the Ostrogoths, a Germanic people, and incorporated into the Ostrogothic Kingdom. The best-known sports team in Naples is the Serie A football club S.S.C. A popular traditional dance in Southern Italy and Naples is the Tarantella, originated in the Apulia region and spread next to all part of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. 27. 'O Regno 'e Napule (nomme ufficiale: Regno 'e Sicilia citeriore) è 'o nomme cu cui è canusciuto nu stato indipendente, ca esisteva tra 'o XIII e 'o XIX seculo e ca currispunneva a ll'attuale reggione 'e ll'Italia meridiunale, 'ncluse Abruzzo e parte d"o Lazzio, ma cca lassava fore 'a Sicilia. This was for the destitute and ill of the city; it also provided a self-sufficient community where the poor would live and work. Naples thus joined the Kingdom of Sicily, with Palermo as the capital.[34]. [46] The Spanish sent viceroys to Naples to directly deal with local issues: the most important of these viceroys was Pedro Álvarez de Toledo, who was responsible for considerable social, economic and urban reforms in the city; he also supported the activities of the Inquisition. It is the largest airport in southern Italy, with around 250 national and international flights arriving or departing daily. The city's main railway station is Napoli Centrale, which is located in Piazza Garibaldi; other significant stations include the Napoli Campi Flegrei[125] and Napoli Mergellina. [106] It is host to the Botanical Garden of Naples, which was opened in 1807 by Joseph Bonaparte, using plans drawn up under the Bourbon king Ferdinand IV. 8. 9. [29], After the exarchate fell, a Duchy of Naples was created. Naples (/ˈneɪpəlz/; Italian: Napoli [ˈnaːpoli] (listen); Neapolitan: Napule [ˈnɑːpələ, ˈnɑːpulə]; Ancient Greek: Νεάπολις, romanized: Neápolis)[a] is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 967,069 within the city's administrative limits as of 2017. In the period of Belle Époque Naples rivalled with Paris for its Café-chantants, and many famous neapolitan songs were originally created to entertain the public in the cafès of Naples. harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMagnussonGoring1990 (, Hilmar C. Krueger. The Sceneggiata became very popular amongst the neapolitan people, and then became one of the best known genres of Italian cinema because of actors and singers like Mario Merola and Nino D'Angelo. In 1839, Naples became the first city on the Italian peninsula to have a railway, with the construction of the Naples–Portici railway. [140] This originated as a meal of the poor, but under Ferdinand IV it became popular among the upper classes: famously, the Margherita pizza was named after Queen Margherita of Savoy after her visit to the city. Another important park is the Parco Virgiliano, which looks towards the tiny volcanic islet of Nisida; beyond Nisida lie Procida and Ischia. [33], By 1137, the Normans had attained great influence in Italy, controlling previously independent principalities and duchies such as Capua, Benevento, Salerno, Amalfi, Sorrento and Gaeta; it was in this year that Naples, the last independent duchy in the southern part of the peninsula, came under Norman control. The cultural significance of Naples is often represented through a series of festivals held in the city. Poet and philosopher Giacomo Leopardi visited the city in 1837 and then died there. Napule è un brano musicale interpretato da Gigi D'Alessio, Lucio Dalla, Gigi Finizio, e Sal da Vinci, pubblicato come singolo nel 2004. [45] In 1501, Naples came under direct rule from France under Louis XII, with the Neapolitan king Frederick being taken as a prisoner to France; however, this state of affairs did not last long, as Spain won Naples from the French at the Battle of Garigliano in 1503. Direct sleeper 'boat train' services operate nightly to cities in Sicily. In 1839, Naples became the first city on the Italian peninsula to have a railway, with the construction of the Naples–Portici railway. Tourists began visiting Naples in the 18th century, during the Grand Tour. [14], Since the late 20th century, Naples has had significant economic growth, helped by the construction of the Centro Direzionale business district and an advanced transportation network, which includes the Alta Velocità high-speed rail link to Rome and Salerno and an expanded subway network. Naples has played an important role in the history of Western European art music for more than four centuries. This system, or one very similar to it, has been in place since the invasion of Italy by Napoleonic forces in 1808. 3. Landmarks such as the Temple of Dioscures were built, and many emperors chose to holiday in the city, including Claudius and Tiberius. [122] The A3 runs southwards from Naples to Salerno, where the motorway to Reggio Calabria begins, while the A16 runs east to Canosa. The Observatory lies on the slopes of Mount Vesuvius, near the city of Ercolano, and is now a permanent specialised institute of the Italian National Institute of Geophysics. Spaghetti is also associated with the city and is commonly eaten with the sauce ragù: a popular Neapolitan folkloric symbol is the comic figure Pulcinella eating a plate of spaghetti. Naples is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 967,069 within the city's administrative limits as of 2017. [157] The first music conservatories were established in the city under Spanish rule in the 16th century. [75] The Cathedral of Naples is the city's premier place of worship; each year on 19 September, it hosts the longstanding Miracle of Saint Januarius, the city's patron saint. [103], In contrast to many northern Italian cities, there are relatively few foreign immigrants in Naples; 94.3% of the city's inhabitants are Italian nationals.